The stiff neck of Alexander the Great (356-323 BC)
In Lisippo statues and other statues preserved in the tomb of Vergina, Thessaloniki and the Museum of the Louvre, the young prince is shown with a curious tilt of the head. Plutarch describes the slope the neck, bent slightly to the left. This position seems to be flawed due to a stiff neck, probably congenital (secondary to fibrosis and retraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle).
Reference: Statue of Alexander the Great, the Museum of Pella (Thessaloniki)
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